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Mitch Wheat has been working as a professional programmer since 1984, graduating with a honours degree in Mathematics from Warwick University, UK in 1986. He moved to Perth in 1995, having worked in software houses in London and Rotterdam. He has worked in the areas of mining, electronics, research, defence, financial, GIS, telecommunications, engineering, and information management. Mitch has worked mainly with Microsoft technologies (since Windows version 3.0) but has also used UNIX. He holds the following Microsoft certifications: MCPD (Web and Windows) using C# and SQL Server MCITP (Admin and Developer). His preferred development environment is C#, .Net Framework and SQL Server. Mitch has worked as an independent consultant for the last 10 years, and is currently involved with helping teams improve their Software Development Life Cycle. His areas of special interest lie in performance tuning |
Sunday, April 29, 2007log4net: .NET Logging ToolI took a brief look at log4net quite some time ago and have to admit I didn’t look closely enough! log4net is a port of the highly successful java based log4j logging library and is very mature tool. It’s been at the back of my mind to have another look, and my current project provided the opportunity and impetus. Without wanting this to sound like hype, log4net really does provide a one-stop shop for all your logging, tracing and diagnostics in a simple to use package.
Of these, probably the most commonly used are the: The documentation and tutorials section provide examples of how to configure the various appenders (\examples\net\1.0\Tutorials\ConsoleApp\cs\src, for example). Adding log4net to your VS2005 project
OK, now add log4net:
Configure log4net: Creating and Specifying the Log4Net Config File Although it is possible to add your log4net configuration settings to your project’s app.config or web.config file, it is preferable to place them in a separate configuration file. Aside from the obvious benefit of maintainability, it has the added benefit that log4net can place a FileSystemWatcher object on your config file to monitor when it changes and update its settings dynamically. To use a separate config file, add a file named Log4Net.config to your project and add the following attribute to your AssemblyInfo.cs file: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(ConfigFile = "Log4Net.config", Watch = true)] Note: for web applications, this assumes Log4Net.config resides in the web root. Ensure the log4net.config file is marked as “Copy To Output” -> “Copy Always” in Properties. Here is an sample log4net config file with several appenders defined: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <log4net> <appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender"> <file value="..\\Logs\\CurrentLog" /> <appendToFile value="true" /> <rollingStyle value="Size" /> <maxSizeRollBackups value="10" /> <maximumFileSize value="10000" /> <staticLogFileName value="true" /> <!-- Alternatively, roll on date --> <!-- <rollingStyle value="Date" /> --> <!-- <datePattern value="yyyyMMdd" /> --> <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter"> <acceptOnMatch value="true" /> <levelMin value="INFO" /> <levelMax value="FATAL" /> </filter> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <conversionPattern value="%-5level %date [%thread] %-22.22c{1} - %m%n" /> </layout> </appender> <appender name="LogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender"> <file value="log-file.txt" /> <!-- Example using environment variables in params --> <!-- <file value="${TMP}\log-file.txt" /> --> <appendToFile value="true" /> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <header value="[Your Header text here]" /> <footer value="[Your Footer text here]" /> <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%ndc] <%property{auth}> - %message%newline" /> </layout> <!-- Alternate layout using XML <layout type="log4net.Layout.XMLLayout" /> --> </appender> <appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender"> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline" /> </layout> </appender> <appender name="EventLogAppender" type="log4net.Appender.EventLogAppender" > <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" /> </layout> </appender> <!-- Set the default logging level and add the active appenders --> <root> <level value="DEBUG" /> <appender-ref ref="LogFileAppender" /> <appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" /> <appender-ref ref="RollingFileAppender" /> </root> <!-- Specify the level for specific categories (“namespace.class”)--> <logger name="ConsoleApp.LoggingExample"> <level value="ERROR" /> <appender-ref ref="EventLogAppender" /> </logger> </log4net> In the “RollingFileAppender“ defined above, as Phil Haack points out: “Note that the file value (with backslashes escaped) points to ..\Logs\CurrentLog. [In Web Applications] this specifies that log4net will log to a file in a directory named Logs parallel to the webroot. You need to give the ASPNET user write permission to this directory, which is why it is generally a good idea to leave it out of the webroot. Not to mention the potential for an IIS misconfiguration that allows the average Joe to snoop through your logs.” Using the Logger At the start of each class declare a logger instance as follows: public class ClassWithLoggingExample { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger( System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType); ... } You will need to add a “using log4net;" statement to each class file. By defining a logger in each class you have the ability to control the logging level on a class by class basis, simply by using the config file. Once you have instantiated a logger, you can call its logging methods. Each method is named for the logging level. For example: // In ascending order of severity (descending level of verbosity) log.Debug("This is a DEBUG level message. The most VERBOSE level."); log.Info("Extended information, with higher importance than the Debug call"); log.Warn("An unexpected but recoverable situation occurred"); log.Error("An unexpected error occurred, an exception was thrown, or is about to be thrown", ex); log.Fatal("Meltdown!", ex); Whether or not a message shows up in your logs depends on how you have configured your appenders and the logging level you have set. If you want to avoid the overhead of string construction and a call to a logging method, you can first test to see if the appropriate level is active: // If you are concerned about performance, test the appropriate // log level enabled property (one for each of the log level methods) if (log.IsInfoEnabled) log.Info("Performance sensitive Info message"); The format of the logged output can be adjusted in the config file. See the log4net documentation that came in the zipped download (\doc\release\sdk\log4net.Layout.PatternLayout.html). For web applications, add the following line to the Application_Error method in the Global.asax.cs file: protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { log.Fatal("An uncaught exception occurred", this.Server.GetLastError()); } Contextual Logging // Push a message on to the Nested Diagnostic Context stack using(log4net.NDC.Push(this.User.Name)) { log.Debug("log entry will be tagged with the current user's name"); } // The NDC message is popped off the stack at the end of the using {} block The context is added to log messages where the pattern layout contains “[%ndc]”. Resources / References If you run into permissions problems configuring logging for ASP.NET, check out Phil Haack’s post on configuring log4net for Web Applications here. His quick and dirty guide is also worth reading. Labels: .NET, C#, log4net, logger, logging 3 Comments:
I found this sagely advice most helpful, thank you wise Mitch By Unknown, at August 08, 2011 6:52 pm This blog is all you need for using log4net. Thanks Mitch. By WelshFrogman, at October 07, 2011 7:35 pm The download url has changed: https://logging.apache.org/log4net/download_log4net.cgi , at<< Home |
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